Genus Penstemon

Penstemon Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' Photo/Illustration: Steve Aitken
PEN-steh-mon
The genus Penstemon contains 250 species of perennials and subshrubs from North and Central America that are grown for their spikes of tubular, often brightly colored, 2-lipped flowers. Flowers resemble foxgloves and often bloom from early summer to mid-autumn. Many species are evergreen or at least semi-evergreen. Numerous cultivars are available. Grow Penstemon in the border, rock garden, or as bedding.
Noteworthy characteristics: Showy spikes of tubular flowers that often attract hummingbirds.
Care: Rock garden species need full sun and poor to moderately fertile, gritty soil that is very well-drained. Border species can grow in full sun or partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Many cultivars are short-lived.
Propagation: Seeds should be sown in late winter or spring in a cold frame (for rock garden plants) or indoors at 55° to 64°F (for border plants). Penstemon can also be propagated from softwood cuttings taken in early summer, from semi-ripe cuttings in mid-summer, or by division in spring.
Problems: Powdery mildew, rust, leaf spots, Southern blight. Young plants can be attacked by slugs and snails.

Species, varieties and cultivars for genus Penstemon

Penstemon 'Garnet' Penstemon 'Garnet'
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This plant is a bushy, vigorous perennial with smooth, narrow, dark green leaves and small, tubular, deep wine-red flowers borne in erect spikes, from early summer to late autumn.

no image available Penstemon albertinus
(Alberta beardtongue)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Deep blue, delicate spires to 16 inches tall appear late spring and early summer above thick, sturdy leaves.

Penstemon barbatus Penstemon barbatus
(Beardlip penstemon)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This erect perennial has basal rosettes and stems bearing lance-shaped mid-green leaves. The plant bears long panicles of scarlet or yellow flowers from early summer to early autumn.

Penstemon cardinalis Penstemon cardinalis
(Cardinal penstemon)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This New Mexico/Texas native offers the garden spikes of dangling, rich red flowers in midsummer that attract hummingbirds. Grow in a border, rock garden, or cottage garden. It appreciates a moist but well-drained soil, but can also take more xeric habitats.

no image available Penstemon clutei
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This upright perennial sports hanging, tubular bright-pink flowers to 1 inch across above serrated blue-green leaves. It blooms summer to fall.

no image available Penstemon cobaea
(Dew flower)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Penstemon cobaea has shiny dark green leaves and purple, pink, or white flowers on spike-like panicles in mid-spring. It grows to 2.5 feet tall. The flowers are larger than most other penstemons. Dew flower is native to the Lower Plains and the southwestern U.S.

Penstemon digitalis Penstemon digitalis
(Foxglove penstemon, Beard tongue)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This vigorous perennial bears elegant clusters of pure white flowers marked with purple or pale violet from early to late summer. Semi-evergreen basal rosettes and deciduous or semi-evergreen stems are also often marked reddish purple.

Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red'
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

'Husker Red' is one of the few penstemons that does well in wet winters and hot, humid summers. Ruby-toned leaves appear in spring, followed in late spring and early summer by 3-foot-high stems adorned by panicles of white blooms.  The flowers attract bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies, but the plants are not magnets for deer or rabbits. In autumn and winter, songbirds feast on the seed. For a stunning display, plant 'Husker Red' in groups.

no image available Penstemon jamesii
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Tubular lavender-pink flowers with paler pink lobes are borne in late spring to early summer. The foliage is evergreen.

Penstemon nitidus Penstemon nitidus
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This penstemon produces azure flowers—the color of a New Mexico summer sky. Blooms emerge in late April and may get covered with a late snow, but that doesn’t seem to bother them. Also boasting beautiful gray-blue foliage, this plant grows 6 to 10 inches high.

Penstemon palmeri Penstemon palmeri
(Palmer's penstemon)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

A native of the Southwest, Palmer's penstemon sports sharp, prickly, gray leaves and thrives in the harsh conditions. Snapdragon-like pale pink flowers boom in late spring or early summer, and their sweet-honey scent attracts bumblebees. Toothed, sage green leaves skirt the upright stems for the rest of the gardening season.

This perennial wildflower is one of the largest penstemons. It looks good in the back of a border or as a focal point, perhaps near a path where its fragrance can be enjoyed or in an informal grouping with other native penstemons and grasses, or with other plantss that have similar maintenance and water requirements.

no image available Penstemon parryi
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This upright perennial has funnel-shaped, bright pink flowers on 3-foot-tall stalks in spring.

Penstemon Phoenix™ Red Penstemon Phoenix™ Red
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This penstemon cultivar has huge red flowers with white throats on upright spikes. The plants bloom all summer, even more so when given a weekly dose of liquid fertilizer. Hardy in Zones 9 and above, Phoenix™ Red is usually grown as an annual.

no image available Penstemon strictus 'Bandera'
(Rocky Mountain penstemon, Stiff beard-tongue)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Rocky Mountain penstemon is an upright perennial that forms a mat of glossy green leaves from which arise straight, 2-foot-tall stems bearing rich purple blooms. It flowers in early June and occasionally throughout the summer. Blooms contrast nicely with yellow-blooming plants.

no image available Penstemon whippleanus
(Whipple's penstemon)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This is an upright penstemon with striking deep burgundy, purple, sometimes lavender or cream flowers on thin stems. The stem leaves are lance shaped and the basal leaves are spoon shaped.