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Genus Allium (Onion)

Allium Allium giganteum Photo/Illustration: Jennifer Benner
AL-ee-um Common Name: Onion
Clump-forming bulbs produce upright, sometimes cylindrical leaves with the characteristic onion aroma present upon bruising. There is a wide array of flower color and forms, although most flowers form in clusters or spherical masses rising well above the foliage. About 700 species.
Noteworthy characteristics: Pungent leaves. Tubular-based bell-, star-, or cup-shaped flowers usually borne in rounded umbels.
Care: Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Plant bulbs 2 to 4 inches deep in autumn. Plant clump-forming species at or just below surface grade.
Propagation:

Sow seed in spring in containers or in situ. Divide clump-forming plants in spring. 


Problems:

Bulb rot in damp conditions. Onion fly and thrips. 



Species, varieties and cultivars for genus Allium

Allium 'Globemaster' Allium 'Globemaster'
(Ornamental onion)
(2 user reviews)
Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Allium 'Globemaster' is a true showstopper, growing to about 32 inches tall. Very large, majestic purple spheres up to 8 inches across bear numerous star-shaped, deep lilac flowers in May and June.

Allium caeruleum Allium caeruleum
(Blue globe onion)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This plant produces dense clusters of bright blue flowerheads up to 1 inch wide. Its leaves clasp its stem and die back before flowering.

Allium cernuum Allium cernuum
(Nodding onion)
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This plant produces open clusters of pinkish purple, droplet-shaped flowers along drooping, arching 2-foot-tall stems. Its foliage is bluish green.

Allium christophii Allium christophii
(Stars of Persia)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This bulbous perennial produces ribbed stems and strap-shaped, gray-green basal leaves that decline as its flowers form. In early summer, it bears umbels that are 10 to 12 inches in diameter, and contain up to 100 star-shaped fuchsia flowers with a metallic sheen.

Allium giganteum Allium giganteum
(Ornamental onion)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

In summer, this plant bears large rounded flower heads up to 4 inches across with a multitude of star-shaped lilac-pink flowers.

Allium moly and cvs. Allium moly and cvs.
(Golden garlic, Lily leek)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

For long-lasting bright yellow flowers that sparkle in midsummer, try Allium moly. It is robust, hardy, and an excellent cut flower, naturalizing and increasing happily in the sun in most garden soils. The cultivar 'Jeannine' flowers earlier and produces larger umbels on sturdier stems.

Allium schoenoprasum Allium schoenoprasum
(Chives)
(2 user reviews)
Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

The purple or white pom-pom flowers of chives top aromatic stems in summer. The leaves are edible and have a mild onion flavor; the flowers can be used as garnishes. Plants grow in dense clumps to 2 feet high. Use chives in a cottage, herb, or vegetable garden, or in containers.

Allium schubertii Allium schubertii
(Ornamental onion)
(1 user review)
Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This plant bears 12- to 18-inch blooms with nearly 100 pink-rose flowers. When the flowers are spent, they are replaced by airy, fluffy seedpods.

Allium senescens Allium senescens
(Ornamental onion)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This plant has thin, strap-like foliage that tends to twist. It produces up to 30 long-lasting, 12- to 40-inch-tall pink or lilac flowers in mid- to late summer.

Allium senescens var. glaucum Allium senescens var. glaucum
(Circle onion)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This plant's silver-blue leaves swirl like a cowlick. It produces flowers that are lollipop-shaped, pink with bright yellow accents and about 16 inches tall.

Allium sphaerocephalon Allium sphaerocephalon
(Drumstick allium, Round-headed garlic)
(1 user review)
Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

The drumstick allium has egg-shaped flowers in summer that start off green, then bloom and develop to pink and then clover red-purple. These plants are attractive in a bed or border, especially peeking up through other plants, such as roses, so that their nondescript foliage is hidden. Their vertical presence and eye-catching flower shape are valuable additions to the garden, and they naturalize freely.

Allium thunbergii Allium thunbergii
(Japanese onion)
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Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This is the last of the ornamental onions to flower, when mop-like heads of rose-purple flowers appear with orange anthers. The flowers are impervious to frost or snow. Superior cultivars include ‘Ozawa’, with larger purple flower heads than the species. A white-flowered form known as A. thunbergii ‘Alba’ is a splendid plant, with cup-shaped florets sporting white stamens, yellow anthers, and green centers.

Allium tuberosum Allium tuberosum
(Chinese chives, Garlic chives)
(1 user review)
Hardiness Zones: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

This plant produces fast-growing, edible, pungent, onion-like leaves. Small, white flowers appear in late summer.